One of the most important systems in your home is the plumbing pipes and fixtures. Like any other part of your home, your plumbing system was designed to last forever. For those who have just bought homes with older plumbing pipes and fixtures, you might need to update or replace your plumbing sooner rather than later. But how often should plumbing pipes and fixtures be replaced?
Plumbing supply pipes such as galvanized, copper, CPVC, or PEX can last 40 to 70 years. Plumbing drain pipes such as cast iron, ABS, and PVC can last 50 to 80 years. Plumbing fixtures such as bathtubs, sinks, and faucets can last 10 to 30 years. The lifespan of plumbing components will vary based on materials, usage, and installation quality.
Different parts make up your plumbing system. While pipes tend to last decades, the other components may only last a few years. That’s why you need to find out whether or not you need to replace your plumbing and whether you need to get it replaced.
Below are some tables that outline the life expectancy of various plumbing pipes and fixtures.
Plumbing Pipes: How Long Do They Last?
Your supply pipes are arguably the most important parts of your entire plumbing because they provide water to your home for drinking, bathing, cooking, etc. Supply piping is pressurized and can be damaged through stress or wear and tear. Damaged supply piping can cause damage to the interior or structure if ruptured due to failure.
Your home’s drain piping carries waste away from the house. Drain piping is not pressurized. However, it can still become damaged by age or wear and tear, causing leaks. These leaks are often hard to detect and can go months or even years without detection.
If you have an older house, at least some of your plumbing supply or drain pipes are older. However, that doesn’t mean they need to be replaced.
According to the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, all plumbing parts have an expected life expectancy. Here are some of the commonly used plumbing pipes and how long they typically last:
| Piping | Expected Lifespan |
|---|---|
| Copper Pipes | 50 to 70 Years |
| CPVC | 50 to 75 Years |
| PEX | 25 to 40 Years |
| Cast Iron | 50 to 100 Years |
| Concrete/Clay | 80 to 100 Years |
| ABS/Black Plastic | 50 to 80 Years |
| PVC | 50 to 80 Years |
| Gas Lines (Black Steel) | 75 Years |
| Gas Lines (Flex) | 30 Years |
Galvanized plumbing pipes are steel piping with a zinc coating. Galvanized piping is not on the list above and for a good reason. Galvanized piping hasn’t been used in residential houses since the 1960s. The lifespan of galvanized plumbing piping is 40 to 50 years, and if you have galvanized piping in your home, it should be replaced.
Galvanized piping can fail at any time. It corrodes internally, causing the inner diameter of the piping to narrow and eventually clog. Even worse, galvanized piping can carry metal particles, rust, and other contaminants that are unsafe to ingest.
Polybutylene plumbing pipes are gray plastic piping used in the 1980s and 1990s. The lifespan of polybutylene plumbing pipes is 25 to 40 years, but they are no longer used in residential houses because of high failure rates. It has been the subject of numerous lawsuits because they can fail without notice.
Polybutylene deteriorates internally, causing the pipes to crack and potentially rupture, resulting in severe water damage to the house. If your home has polybutylene piping, it should be replaced with modern PEX piping.
Copper plumbing pipes can last for 50 to 70 years or more. Theoretically, copper piping can last over 100 years because it can be repaired. However, there are instances where copper piping should be replaced.
Corrosion is the main issue with copper piping. Some regions have very hard water that can damage the copper piping. Hard water can shorten copper piping and cause leaks to develop.
Copper piping must also be grounded, but grounding can speed corrosion and, in some cases, destroy copper piping.
If you have copper plumbing pipes, you should have your water tested to verify it’s safe for consumption.
CPVC plumbing pipes can last 50 to 75 years. CPVC piping has glued joints, so no galvanized or copper fittings can corrode. CPVC piping can fade in ultraviolet light, so it can’t be installed in direct sunlight.
PEX plumbing pipes have a lifespan of 40 years. Pex can be used as a replacement for polybutylene piping. Pex has a crimped fitting, a screw-on compression fitting, or a push-on (SharkBite) fitting. PEX is flexible, which reduces the number of fittings needed. PEX has brass or copper fittings that can corrode. Like CPVC, PEX piping can deteriorate and become brittle in direct sunlight.
Cast iron plumbing pipes last 50 to 100 years; however, beyond 50 years, cast iron is prone to leaks and is difficult to repair. Most plumbers will not repair cast iron piping; they will only replace it. Cast iron rusts from the inside out; however, failure from rust can take many years due to its thickness.
When problems occur, replacement is often done as needed with PVC piping and rubber fittings clamped to existing cast iron piping. If needed, cast iron piping can be scoped with a camera to determine the piping’s interior condition.
Concrete and clay plumbing pipes can last 80 to 100 years. Concrete and clay piping have a long life span. It’s generally found underground and prone to tree roots piercing joints and clogging the piping. As tree roots spread, the piping can crack and collapse, becoming filled with dirt.
Concrete and clay piping is no longer used in residential houses. When failure occurs in older homes, replacement is needed for repair, which involves trenching and installing new PVC piping from the house to the septic or sewer source.
ABS/Black plastic plumbing pipes range from 50 to 80 years. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is made with Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical hardening plastic. Black plastic waste piping is still commonly used in manufactured homes.
Many municipalities no longer allow ABS piping for various reasons, one being that ABS is not chemical resistant and can react to chemicals added to purify the municipal water supply. ABS piping has been known to become brittle and fail, which has spurred some class-action lawsuits.
PVC plumbing pipes can last 50 to 80 years. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is commonly used for waste piping connecting the house to the street or septic system. PVC is white piping that is chemical resistant, durable, more flexible than ABS, and lightweight, making it very easy to work with.
Plumbing Fixtures: How Long They Last?
Depending on the type, plumbing fixtures can last 20 to 100 years. You’re more apt to grow tired of bathroom or kitchen plumbing fixtures rather than them wearing out.
Bathrooms and kitchens from the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s are often renovated, and the old plumbing fixtures are replaced with aesthetic improvements.
| Plumbing Fixture | Expected Lifespan |
|---|---|
| Acrylic Sink | 50 Years |
| Bathtub Faucet | 15 to 20 Years |
| Cast Iron Bathtub | 100 Years |
| Enameled Kitchen Sink | 5 to 10 Years |
| Kitchen Faucet with Sprayer | 15 to 20 Years |
| Fiberglass Bathtub/Shower | 20 Years |
| Hose Bibbs | 20 to 30 Years |
| Septic System | 15 to 40 Years |
| Shower Enclosure | 50 Years |
| Shower Faucet | 15 to 20 Years |
| Soapstone Sinks | 100 Years |
| Stainless Steel Sink | 15 to 30 Years |
| Toilets/Bidets/Urinals | 15 to 50 Years |
| Toilet Tank Parts | 5 Years |
| Vessel Bowl Sinks | 5 to 20 Years |
| Washing Machine Hoses | 5 to 10 Years |
| Well Pump | 15 Years |
| Whirlpool Tub | 20 to 50 Years |
Toilet Fixtures: How long do they last?
Generally, the toilet bowl must only be replaced if it is damaged or cracked. Toilets can last up to 100 years, although most are replaced sooner. Smaller parts, like tank components and seats, are less durable and last about 5 years.
However, the other toilet parts are not as durable as the bowl. The handle can be prone to damage and may not last for more than 5 years. You would need to replace it if you have to jiggle it a lot or if you need to hold it down whenever you are flushing the toilet. The flappers and other fittings connecting the toilet to the pipe can probably last at least 5 years.
Kitchen and Bathroom Faucets: How long do they last?
Kitchen and bathroom faucets are also resilient and long-lasting. When they are not working correctly, plumbers can repair them without replacing the entire unit. However, it is only when your plumber tells you that the faucet is beyond repair that you need to go and get it replaced.
Faucets can last 15 to 20 years or more. Most people will replace faucets for look and style well before the faucet is no longer functional.
Some faucets go for years without getting replaced as long as they are properly cared for. But people often get their faucets replaced because they want to update them or incorporate newer innovations instead of sticking to the traditional faucet type.
However, if you push updates aside, faucets usually last 20 or more years. In some cases, vintage faucets are seeing new life and are growing in demand.
Washing Machine Supply Hoses: How long do they last?
Washing machine supply hoses are some of a house’s plumbing’s more commonly replaced parts. The reason is that the supply hoses are inexpensive and can easily fail. Washing machine hoses can last 5 years on average. Some braided sheathed hoses are tough and can last up to 10 years.
So, as a rule of thumb, I recommend replacing your washing machine supply hose every three years if you don’t want to end up with leaks. Washing machine supply hoses can burst anytime if they show signs of wear and tear, damage, and leaks.
Signs Your Plumbing is Bad?
It doesn’t take an expert to determine if you want to check whether your plumbing is bad. You don’t have to wait for a second opinion after inspection to know whether you need to replace your plumbing.
Cracks in your pipes or plumbing fixtures are the most obvious sign that your plumbing is bad. Leaks are a clear sign that your plumbing needs repair, but there are some instances where simple repair jobs can fix leaks. If your pipes are leaking, fix or replace them immediately because leaking plumbing can cause structural damage, mold, and mildew.
Corrosion and rust are also obvious signs that your pipes are bad. Even if such signs have yet to damage your plumbing, don’t wait for your pipes and fixtures to fail. Be proactive and replace piping and old fixtures before they become major problems.
Cost to Replace Plumbing
If you are thinking about replacing your plumbing, here are some of the costs you would have to incur:
Plumbing supply piping – If you want to replace a small section of plumbing pipes, you can expect to pay between $400 and $2,000. Most people will pay, on average, about $1,100. However, if you need to repipe your entire house or install new plumbing pipes, you can expect to pay $2,500 to $15,000 or more for larger houses.
To replace the supply piping in a 2000 square foot, two-bathroom house with copper piping will cost $8,000 to $10,000. However, the same house can be replumbed with PEX piping, costing $4,000 to $6,000.
CPVC piping costs are comparable to PEX piping; however, PEX piping is easier to work with and is approved everywhere. PEX and CPVC piping cost about 25% to 50% less than standard copper piping.
Plumbing sewer piping – If you want to replace plumbing sewer pipes, you can expect to pay between $2,250 and $6,000. Most people will pay, on average, about $3,800. However, if you need to replace sewer piping in your house, you can expect to pay $8,000 or more and up to $30,000 if you need to replace the buried piping from the house to the street.
You can expect sewer line replacement to cost $50 to $200 per linear foot, plus the costs of trenching or cutting through a concrete slab to access the piping.
Small sections of sewer pipe replacements start at $3,000 to $6,000. to replace 50 feet or more, expect to pay $5,000 to $13,000 plus trenching costs. Digging a new sewer line from the house to the street can cost $30,000 or more.
Plumber – The hourly rate to hire a plumber is $50 to $200 per hour; however, most plumbers will charge a minimum of around $300. Hiring a plumber can cost between $175 and more than $400 because they bill you by the hour (which can cost at least $45 per hour). The overall labor expenses you would have to pay a plumber depends on the job and how long it will take.
Installing a new sink/toilet – New sink/toilet installation costs between $200 and $500, depending on the sink/toilet style and how hard the job will be.
Faucet installation – Installing a new faucet can also be expensive and may cost between $150 to $300.
Main stack replacement – If there is a problem with your main plumbing stack and you need to replace it, the cost can range somewhere over $1,500 and go up to $4,000, depending on how tough the job is and how accessible the materials are in your area.
How Often Should Plumbing Be Inspected?
Plumbing inspection should be a routine for you if you want to keep your home in shape. Inspections are a great way to check whether or not your plumbing needs repairs or replacement. I recommend you have your plumbing inspected once a year as part of a thorough home inspection.
Those with newer houses with newer plumbing systems might get away with not having their plumbing inspected for the first three to five years, but owners of older houses should never overlook an annual inspection. If possible, owners of old houses should try to get their plumbing inspected once every year or so but not for more than 2 years.
How Often Should Plumbing Be Updated?
Suppose your plumbing system doesn’t have any serious problems, but it still makes use of materials that can be hazardous (because you might live in an older house built before the 1980s or 1990s). In that case, you may consider updating your plumbing to improve your property value.
Meanwhile, if you live in a comparatively newer home and your plumbing has no major problems, whether or not to update your plumbing fixtures is a matter of choice. It depends on you, such as when you might want to upgrade fixtures because of all the added features.
And for those with plumbing systems needing repairs and replacements, you might want to update your plumbing system so that you won’t have to maintain a faulty one continually. Trying to repair old plumbing is like putting a band-aid over a garden sprinkler; you get one leak plugged, and another pops up somewhere else.
